今夏無限次暢遊香港海洋公園！
建議答案
| (a). | 在圖中顯示圖1(a)： 需求曲線左移 價格(P)維持不變 正確的交易量減少 總收入的減少 文字說明： 香港迪士尼樂園和香港海洋公園屬競爭需求。 推出「開SUM夏日入場證」會吸引更多遊客到訪香港海洋公園，香港迪士尼樂園的需求會減少。 價格會維持不變，交易量減少。 結果，總收入會減少。 | (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) |
| (b) | 在圖中顯示圖1(b) 向右下傾斜的邊際利益曲線 邊際成本 = 0 Q1的正確位置 消費者盈餘的正確位置 | (1) (1) (1) (1) |
| (c) | 「開SUM夏日入場證」的售價必定要低於或等於消費者盈餘。 當消費者支付港幣760元後，消費者盈餘仍然不會是負數。 | (1) (1) |
Unlimited visit to Hong Kong Ocean Park this summer!
Suggested Solution
| (a) | Indicate in the diagram1(a): Leftward shift of demand curve Price (P) remains constant Correct fall in quantity transacted Fall in total revenue Verbal elaboration: Hong Kong Disneyland and Ocean Park are competitive demand. The launch of SumFUN Entry Pass will attract more visitors to visit Ocean Park, the demand for Hong Kong Disneyland will decrease. Price will remain unchanged while the quantity transacted will decrease. As a result, the total revenue will decrease. | (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) |
| (b) | Indicate in the diagram 1(b): A downward sloping MB curve MC = 0 Correct position of Q1 Correct area of consumer surplus | (1) (1) (1) (1) |
| (c) | The fee of SumFUN Entry Pass must be lower or equal to the consumer surplus. After paying HK$760, the consumer surplus earned by a visitor would not be negative. | (1) (1) |
「大澳水鄉花燈節」人潮逼爆 主辦單位決定中秋不亮燈
建議答案
| (a) | 負界外影響出現。當大澳過份擠迫時，任何額外的遊客都會令居民回返家的時間成本上升，卻沒有對這額外成本作出補償（意味著私人成本與社會成本分歧）。由於邊際社會成本大於邊際社會得益，遊客的數量高於有效率的水平，形成生產過剩。結果，會出現無效率。 | (1) (2)(1) |
| (b) | 向遊客收費可能涉及較高的行政成本。為了向遊客收費，主辦單位需要聘請額外職員協助，其薪金開支可能大於向遊客收費所獲的收入。 / 或 為了向遊客收費，主辦單位必須獲得舉辦「大澳水鄉花燈節」的資源的私有產權。界定該私有產權所涉及的成本可能大於向遊客收費所獲的收入。 | (1) (2) (1)(2) |
| (c) | 不同意。此活動吸引更多遊客到訪大澳。他們可能購買食物或紀念品，這些開支會計入消費。 | (1) (2) |
Overcrowded Tai O cancels lantern lighting on Mid Autumn
Suggested Solution
| (a) | Negative externality exists.When Tai O was overcrowded, any additional visitors would increase the time cost for residents without having to compensate them for this extra cost (implying a divergence between private and social costs). As marginal social cost is now higher than marginal social benefit, the number of visitors would exceed its efficient level. Overproduction is resulted.So, inefficiency may exist. | (1) (2)(1) |
| (b) | Charging the visitors may incur a higher administrative cost. To charge the visitors, the organizer needs to employ the staff to do so, the wage expense may be higher than the fee collected. /OR To charge the visitors, the organizer must have the private property rights on the resources to organize the lantern festival. The cost involved in defining the private property right may be higher than the fee collected. | (1) (2) (1) (2) |
| (c) | No.This activity attracted many visitors to Tai O. They might spend on food and souvenirs, in which this spending was counted in consumption. | (1) (2) |
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